An American Engraver in Brescia

originally published in "SHOOTING SPORTSMAN" Nov/Dec 2006-photos and text copyright 2004 by

BARRY LEE HANDS

As an engraver, I’ve long been fascinated by the different styles of the art. At every opportunity I study the ornamental designs and techniques of those who came before me. From my studies in the 1970s under Ethan Jacczak at Gist Engravers on the West Coast, and in the 1980s under Steve Huff and Dan Goodwin in Montana, to my work with the Colt and Winchester custom shops and my recent studies under Ron Smith and Winston Churchill, I have learned a deep respect for the style of Old World engravers.

So how could I resist when, at the 2004 EWA show in Nuremberg, Germany, engraver Stefano Pedretti invited me to visit his studio in Italy’s Val Trompia. Anyone who knows anything about engraving knows that the Val Trompia region, because of its high concentration of gunmakers, is a mecca for engravers and is home to the world’s largest group of talented professionals. The small mountain village of  Gardone is home to the studios of Creative Arts,  Stefano and Giancarlo Pedretti , Firmo and Francesca Fracassi, Gianfranco Pedersoli, Manrico Torcoli,  Lionello Sabatti and many others, and the best training available through apprenticeships and schools, such as Cesare Giovanelli’s Bottega Incisione.

Only a month later I arrived at the Hotel Albergo Marcheno, with my duffel bag, camera and laptop computer. My plan was to meet, interview and observe as many craftsmen as possible in the short time I had.

 

 

I had no more than checked into my room and thrown my bags on the bed when I headed down Via Independenza toward the town’s gunmaking center. I had walked only 200 yards when I came upon the gunmaking firm of Fausti Stefano (see “The Shotguns of Fausti Stefano,” Sept/Oct). The company is unusual in the trade in that it is operated by founder Stefano Fausti’s three daughters: Elena, Giovanna and Barbara. When I ducked into the building I met Barbara, who showed me the company’s product line and offered to take me to the Giovanelli engraving school in the morning.

The following day I met Barbara and we drove up the hill to Bottega Incisioni C. Giovanelli. There I was greeted by interpreter Elena Micheli and Cesare Giovanelli, the founder of the school. Elena does a lot of work as liaison between American and Italian gunmakers and engravers. I was then introduced to master engraver Dario Cortini, who showed me around the engraving room. I met Mary Giovanelli, an Engraver and daughter of the founder, and students Tiziana Rinaldini, Tiziano Baresi and Fabio Pasotti. Most of the students are from Italy and study five days a week for one year. Some stay longer and work for the company.

 

 

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The master and students were interacting in a very creative environment. Some students were working on bulino figures, learning the classic Italian technique that results in such stunning photographic realism and unparalleled beauty. The bulino style is named after the tool that is used to execute it—a small, sharp V-shaped chisel that fits in the palm. Tiny cuts the sizes of pinpoints are made. Under high magnification, each cut by a master is often in the outline of a small diamond or rhombus when viewed on the steel. A beginner, lacking the skills to cut a proper rhombus, usually will cut one with a long tail. Students must practice long hours to sharpen and use the tools properly to achieve the proper cuts. Cuts are arranged in various densities to achieve a grey scale, such as an artist in charcoal or pencil would use, and when all of the cuts are in the right places, a very realistic image results.

Other students were practicing scrollwork . The quality of the work produced was very high, considering that they were there to learn and improve.  Bottega Incisioni C. Giovanelli supplies engraving to Beretta, Benelli, Perazzi, Guerini, Zoli and many others.

I had made an appointment at G.S. Pedretti Incisori.  The fine work here is done by the father-and-son team of Giancarlo and Stefano, assisted by their other engravers Domenico and Simone . Stefano was just finishing the Piotti gun he had shown me in Nuremberg, and I was fascinated with the work. He is unusual for an Italian engraver in that he does use the microscope, many other Italian engravers use only a loupe or magnifying visor.  Giancarlo and Stefano discussed graver angles, layout methods and the state of the industry in the Val Trompia and worldwide.  The firm of  Pedretti is known in the Italian trade as the “British” engravers, as they do a lot of work for Purdey, Holland and Holland, and Boss.

 

I then went around the corner and up the stairs to Creative Arts, to visit Giacomo Fausti , Giovanni Steduto,and Ugo Talenti. The shop was obviously very busy, turning out its usual excellent work. . Giacomo suggested that we visit Ivano Tanfoglio at the Ferlib factory, so we crossed the river and headed up the hill. Upon reaching a gate we rang the buzzer and walked up to the shop. We entered and found three men working at the bench, a large black dog lying in the corner, and Ivano in the back machine room busy at the lathe. We knew each other from many meetings at the SCI Convention and other shows. Everyone was in good spirits, laughing and grinning. Giacomo headed back to Creative Arts, and Ivano showed me the product line and the production facility. Ferlib has since become Rizzini Tanfoglio.

After we had seen some of everything, Ivano said that he had to visit his actioner, so we jumped in his car with the dog and headed to up a winding road to Alta Trompia.  The actioner’s shop was tiny but very busy, and as Ivano discussed a job with the foreman, I watched the actioner at the bench work at a furious pace. I had observed this type of work in many shops and was impressed with this fellow, who obviously knew what he was doing. After being taken upstairs to see the cheeses and sausages hanging in the wine room, we headed down the hill and agreed to meet the next morning and return to Ferlib.

In the morning Ivano picked me up, and we headed to Ferlib, where I met company engraver Frederique Lepinois. Frederique was engraving a sidelock gun with her own style, which I’ll call “lepinois.” The layout had taken her a week, and the work was being done entirely in bulino. It had taken her three weeks to complete most of the fantastic engraving on the bottom of the action.

Frederique had many books in her library, among the more familiar to me being Il Grande Libro delle Incisioni, by Marco E. Nobili, and Florid Victorian Ornament, by Karl Klimsch. She also had a set of books by L’Aventurine Press covering architecture and iron ornament.

After Frederique finished one section, she applied chalk to the next as a base to draw through. After establishing her initial pattern, she went over it with a scribe so she could then remove the chalk and begin to engrave using the small bulino. Frederique is truly an excellent engraver.

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Later that afternoon we drove to the workshop of Lionello Sabatti, who had with him his friend Alfredo Bregoli. Alfredo and I had met while he was demonstrating engraving for Steve Lamboy’s Ithaca Classic Doubles at one of the SCI shows. At the time I was doing some consulting and training of engravers for Ithaca. Alfredo recognized me, and even though he speaks no English, we managed to share some laughs. Lionello made espresso and then showed me his bench while he did some engraving on a piece in his vise. His workshop is in a beautiful thousand-year-old villa with vaulted ceilings. He began engraving when he was 14, and his field of expertise is ornamental scrollwork and game scenes in an old-school style. In his 60s now, he is one of the most prolific artists in the trade.

 

 

The next day I walked back up to Ferlib, where I watched Ivano file fences for an hour before we headed to the workshop of Manrico Torcoli. When I saw Manrico’s workroom, I was amazed at how neat and clean it was and how few tools it held. There was a ball vise, two sharpening stones and three gravers. That was it. The room otherwise was filled with books on wildlife and copies of National Geographic. We stayed for a bit, and Ivano translated as we discussed engraving, engravers and different styles of work. Manrico showed me his portfolios, which contained many fine examples of his work. He is the engraver who invented the style known as “fantasy”—animals blended into lovely nude figures surrounded and mixed with art nouveau motifs. He is one of the rare modern engravers who has developed a style that he truly can call his own. All one has to do is to look through the catalogs of major Italian firearms makers to see the many attempts to imitate Manrico’s style.

On the bench was one piece, unmistakably his, decorated in a slightly more conventional manor. It contained upland birds and ornamentation but still using the bulino technique. Manrico said he would rather do pure fantasy work, but apparently even he has to follow the whims and wishes of clients to some extent. Much of his work is for Fabbri and F.lli Rizzini.

 

 

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Manrico suggested we visit Gianfranco Pedersoli later in the day, and we went to lunch at a restaurant in Alta Trompia . Midday lunches were extensive meals with a first course, second course, salad, bread and wine followed by espresso with Baileys. I quickly came to understand why the makers and engravers started so early, as each afternoon I felt like falling asleep at about 2 PM.

After lunch we jumped in the car and headed off to visit the Pedersolis. We rang the bell, were buzzed in and were greeted by the master and his wife. Their home was very inviting and contained many works of art. The walls were covered with framed prints of rubbings taken from Gianfranco’s work. We were ushered into the studio, and I was impressed with the elegant but simple decoration and layout of the room. Gianfranco demonstrated his techniques at the bench, engraving with a bulino tool so quickly that it sounded like he was using a machine. He then demonstrated how he pulls a print, by rubbing ink into the engraving and burnishing a piece of damp paper into the impressions left by the tool. Once the paper is removed, it contains a very nice image of the work. I think Gianfranco’s work, which includes fantastic figures and scenes often surrounded by ornamentation with a baroque feel, influenced many of the region’s younger engravers a great deal. He also does a lot of work for Fabbri and F.lli Rizzini, as well as Tony Galazan in the States.

 

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The next day I walked up to Ferlib, and Ivano mentioned that he had several appointments that morning. I told him not to worry about me, that I would come back in the afternoon. There were only two more artists who I felt I needed to meet: Firmo and Francesca Fracassi.

I walked down the valley toward Brescia , looking for someone who could steer me in the right direction, until I happened upon the gunmaking firm of FAMARS di Abbiatico & Salvinelli. Years earlier the company’s co-founder, the late Mario Abbiatico, literally had written the book (Modern Firearms Engraving) on Italian engraving. If anyone knew where to find Fracassi, someone here would. I went to the office and was greeted by Mario’s daughter, Cristina, who I know from the many shows we both attend. She told me that the Fracassis’ home was only a short distance away. I thanked her and headed off, address in hand.

 Firmo Fracassi answered the door, invited me inside and introduced me to his wife  and his smiling daughter, Francesca, a charming young lady who, fortunately for me, speaks some English. I offered my card and explained that I was visiting from the US, meeting engravers and planning an article about my trip. Firmo nodded in understanding, and Francesca asked if I would stay for lunch. I said I’d be delighted if it wasn’t too much trouble. She said, “If anyone is here at this time of day, they always stay for lunch.”

While Mrs. Fracassi  went back to preparing lunch in the kitchen, Firmo motioned us upstairs to the studio. The bench was typical of what I was becoming familiar with as the Italian bulino engravers: very neat and clean, set below a north-facing window in a tastefully decorated room with art on the walls and many wildlife books on the shelves. The exception this time was that there were two engraving balls in addition to the usual two or three gravers and a couple of sharpening stones. Firmo sat at the bench while Francesca sat beside him and acted as interpreter.

I was intrigued looking at the vises, because each piece of work had a small cardstock cover over it with a 5/8” x 3/4” opening through which a small area could be worked on. I asked Francesca about this. “We use the protection of the card to avoid scratching the areas we are not working on at the moment,” she said. She took off one of the covers, and I could see the mostly finished scene, with swans and water and mountains in the distance. It was stunningly well done. Even in its unfinished state, it gave the illusion of depth and sweep of scope that only a true master of bulino can achieve.

Next I asked if they used any transfers or other mechanical or photo techniques to put the initial designs on the metal, as is so often done in America. I n The U.S.A. many engravers use pantographs, or a tracing transferred with acetone from a photocopy to aid in the layout of the design. Francesca seemed puzzled by the question and discussed it with her father. “The design is drawn on paper with a pencil, and then we draw it on the action with a scribe.”  Firmo demonstrated, picking up a simple machinist’s scribe from the bench and making drawing motions with it in the air. Francesca then took the work from the vise and handed it to me with a jeweler’s loupe. Looking through the loupe I could see very faint scribe marks in the unfinished areas that revealed the original drawing on the metal.

The most striking things I noticed were the tiny parallel lines used in the sky and water; they were almost straight, with the occasional bump or flutter to indicate movement. They were very tiny and well cut, with no traces of the edges or burrs that I typically see on even the best-cut lines. And the bulino’s tiny nicks, so small as to appear to be dots, were always laid out in the direction of flow in the scene, with not a single mark out of place.

Wondering how the cutting was accomplished so cleanly, I asked if there was any polishing done after the work to remove burrs or roughness. In the US some engravers use fine abrasives to remove burrs; in England in the old days the work often was burnished lightly with a piece of polished steel to accomplish the same thing. Once again I could see this was an unfamiliar concept to Francesca as she discussed it with her father, who picked up the piece, sprayed some oil on it and wiped it clean. “This is all we do when finished,” Francesca said. “Only oil, no polishing or ink.” The precision of the work was truly remarkable.

I said to Francesca, “Tell your father that I am very impressed with his work.”

She looked embarrassed and said, “This is my work.” Now I felt a little stupid as she handed me another piece of work. “This is my father’s,” she said with a smile. I took the loupe and examined this piece, and I could see no discernable stylistic or technical differences with the way the piece was executed. I am not sure, even today, if I’d be able to tell whose work was whose unless I was looking at a piece I was familiar with.

I asked Francesca if there were any differences between her work and her father’s, and after conferring with him she said, “My father has taught me to engrave in his own way.” She did say that when the two work together on a piece with bulino ornamentation in their own almost-art-nouveau style, she often does the ornamentation while her father does the figures.

Mrs. Fracassi called us down for lunch, and we enjoyed a lovely meal of pasta with bread and wine followed by cheeses, espresso and a liqueur. During the meal, Firmo asked me many questions about my travels, the engraving business in the US, and about American engravers. He asked about engraver Winston Churchill in particular, saying that Winston had visited 20 years earlier from Vermont.

After lunch we returned to the studio, where I looked at dozens of photos, and Francesca picked out some for me to take. After saying goodbyes and being walked to the street, I headed back to Ferlib, my head spinning with their graciousness, their art and new ideas.

 

 

I thought it would be difficult to leave the small mountain city where so many of the best guns are made and engraved, but I reflected on what I had learned. These men and women as a whole had no secret techniques—no “tricks.” The methods they used were very similar to what I had seen many other engravers practice. If anything, their tools were simpler than those often used in the US. I could only conclude that their outstanding work was the result of three things: talent, knowledge and hard work.

As I walked back up Via Independenza, a blur of images and ideas raced through my mind, and for the first time I felt ready to leave. I also was sure what I needed to do next: I must get back to my bench . . . .

 

Editor's note: Barry Lee Hands, of Bigfork, Montana, has been a professional engraver for almost 30 years. His clients have included The Winchester Custom Shop, The Colt Custom Shop, C. Sharps Arms Co., and John Rigby & Co. He is recognized as working at the Master level and holds professional status in the Firearms Engravers Guild of America and regular membership in the American Custom Gunmakers Guild.

 

PULLQUOTE:

These men and women as a whole had no secret techniques—no ‘tricks.’